NCAA Volleyball — Team Directory
348 programs active on Preseason Planner (2025–26 season).
| # | Team | Conference | RPI Rank (2025–26) | 3-Yr Win Avg |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A&M-Corpus Christi |  SLC | — | — |
| 2 | Abilene Christian |  WAC | — | — |
| 3 | Air Force |  MW | — | — |
| 4 | Akron |  MAC | — | — |
| 5 | Alabama |  SEC | — | — |
| 6 | Alabama A&M |  SWAC | — | — |
| 7 | Alabama St. | SWAC | — | — |
| 8 | Alcorn | SWAC | — | — |
| 9 | American |  PL | — | — |
| 10 | App State |  SB | — | — |
| 11 | Arizona |  B12 | — | — |
| 12 | Arizona St. | B12 | — | — |
| 13 | Ark.-Pine Bluff | SWAC | — | — |
| 14 | Arkansas | SEC | — | — |
| 15 | Arkansas St. | SB | — | — |
| 16 | Army West Point | PL | — | — |
| 17 | Auburn | SEC | — | — |
| 18 | Austin Peay |  ASUN | — | — |
| 19 | Ball St. | MAC | — | — |
| 20 | Baylor | B12 | — | — |
| 21 | Bellarmine | ASUN | — | — |
| 22 | Belmont |  MVC | — | — |
| 23 | Bethune-Cookman | SWAC | — | — |
| 24 | Binghamton |  AE | — | — |
| 25 | Boise St. | MW | — | — |
| 26 | Boston College |  ACC | — | — |
| 27 | Bowling Green | MAC | — | — |
| 28 | Bradley | MVC | — | — |
| 29 | Brown |  Ivy | — | — |
| 30 | Bryant | AE | — | — |
| 31 | Bucknell | PL | — | — |
| 32 | Buffalo | MAC | — | — |
| 33 | Butler |  BE | — | — |
| 34 | BYU | B12 | — | — |
| 35 | Cal Poly |  BW | — | — |
| 36 | Cal St. Fullerton | BW | — | — |
| 37 | California | ACC | — | — |
| 38 | California Baptist | WAC | — | — |
| 39 | Campbell |  CAA | — | — |
| 40 | Canisius |  MAAC | — | — |
| 41 | Central Ark. | ASUN | — | — |
| 42 | Central Conn. St. |  NEC | — | — |
| 43 | Central Mich. | MAC | — | — |
| 44 | Charleston So. |  BSo | — | — |
| 45 | Charlotte |  AAC | — | — |
| 46 | Chattanooga |  SC | — | — |
| 47 | Chicago St. | NEC | — | — |
| 48 | Cincinnati | B12 | — | — |
| 49 | Clemson | ACC | — | — |
| 50 | Cleveland St. |  HL | — | — |
| 51 | Coastal Carolina | SB | — | — |
| 52 | Col. of Charleston | CAA | — | — |
| 53 | Colgate | PL | — | — |
| 54 | Colorado | B12 | — | — |
| 55 | Colorado St. | MW | — | — |
| 56 | Columbia | Ivy | — | — |
| 57 | Coppin St. |  MEAC | — | — |
| 58 | Cornell | Ivy | — | — |
| 59 | Creighton | BE | — | — |
| 60 | CSU Bakersfield | BW | — | — |
| 61 | CSUN | BW | — | — |
| 62 | Dartmouth | Ivy | — | — |
| 63 | Davidson |  A-10 | — | — |
| 64 | Dayton | A-10 | — | — |
| 65 | Delaware |  CUSA | — | — |
| 66 | Delaware St. | MEAC | — | — |
| 67 | Denver |  Sum | — | — |
| 68 | DePaul | BE | — | — |
| 69 | Drake | MVC | — | — |
| 70 | Duke | ACC | — | — |
| 71 | Duquesne | A-10 | — | — |
| 72 | East Carolina | AAC | — | — |
| 73 | East Texas A&M | SLC | — | — |
| 74 | Eastern Ill. |  OVC | — | — |
| 75 | Eastern Ky. | ASUN | — | — |
| 76 | Eastern Mich. | MAC | — | — |
| 77 | Eastern Wash. |  BSky | — | — |
| 78 | Elon | CAA | — | — |
| 79 | ETSU | SC | — | — |
| 80 | Evansville | MVC | — | — |
| 81 | Fairfield | MAAC | — | — |
| 82 | FDU | NEC | — | — |
| 83 | FGCU | ASUN | — | — |
| 84 | FIU | CUSA | — | — |
| 85 | Fla. Atlantic | AAC | — | — |
| 86 | Florida | SEC | — | — |
| 87 | Florida A&M | SWAC | — | — |
| 88 | Florida St. | ACC | — | — |
| 89 | Fordham | A-10 | — | — |
| 90 | Fresno St. | MW | — | — |
| 91 | Furman | SC | — | — |
| 92 | Ga. Southern | SB | — | — |
| 93 | Gardner-Webb | BSo | — | — |
| 94 | George Mason | A-10 | — | — |
| 95 | George Washington | A-10 | — | — |
| 96 | Georgetown | BE | — | — |
| 97 | Georgia | SEC | — | — |
| 98 | Georgia St. | SB | — | — |
| 99 | Georgia Tech | ACC | — | — |
| 100 | Gonzaga |  WCC | — | — |
| 101 | Grambling | SWAC | — | — |
| 102 | Grand Canyon | MW | — | — |
| 103 | Green Bay | HL | — | — |
| 104 | Hampton | CAA | — | — |
| 105 | Harvard | Ivy | — | — |
| 106 | Hawaii | BW | — | — |
| 107 | High Point | BSo | — | — |
| 108 | Hofstra | CAA | — | — |
| 109 | Holy Cross | PL | — | — |
| 110 | Houston | B12 | — | — |
| 111 | Houston Christian | SLC | — | — |
| 112 | Howard | MEAC | — | — |
| 113 | Idaho | BSky | — | — |
| 114 | Idaho St. | BSky | — | — |
| 115 | Illinois |  B1G | — | — |
| 116 | Illinois St. | MVC | — | — |
| 117 | Indiana | B1G | — | — |
| 118 | Indiana St. | MVC | — | — |
| 119 | Iona | MAAC | — | — |
| 120 | Iowa | B1G | — | — |
| 121 | Iowa St. | B12 | — | — |
| 122 | IU Indy | HL | — | — |
| 123 | Jackson St. | SWAC | — | — |
| 124 | Jacksonville | ASUN | — | — |
| 125 | Jacksonville St. | CUSA | — | — |
| 126 | James Madison | SB | — | — |
| 127 | Kansas | B12 | — | — |
| 128 | Kansas City | Sum | — | — |
| 129 | Kansas St. | B12 | — | — |
| 130 | Kennesaw St. | CUSA | — | — |
| 131 | Kent St. | MAC | — | — |
| 132 | Kentucky | SEC | — | — |
| 133 | Lafayette | PL | — | — |
| 134 | Lamar University | SLC | — | — |
| 135 | Le Moyne | NEC | — | — |
| 136 | Lehigh | PL | — | — |
| 137 | Liberty | CUSA | — | — |
| 138 | Lindenwood | OVC | — | — |
| 139 | Lipscomb | ASUN | — | — |
| 140 | Little Rock | OVC | — | — |
| 141 | LIU | NEC | — | — |
| 142 | LMU (CA) | WCC | — | — |
| 143 | Long Beach St. | BW | — | — |
| 144 | Louisiana | SB | — | — |
| 145 | Louisiana Tech | CUSA | — | — |
| 146 | Louisville | ACC | — | — |
| 147 | Loyola Chicago | A-10 | — | — |
| 148 | Loyola Maryland | PL | — | — |
| 149 | LSU | SEC | — | — |
| 150 | Manhattan | MAAC | — | — |
| 151 | Marist | MAAC | — | — |
| 152 | Marquette | BE | — | — |
| 153 | Marshall | SB | — | — |
| 154 | Maryland | B1G | — | — |
| 155 | McNeese | SLC | — | — |
| 156 | Memphis | AAC | — | — |
| 157 | Mercer | SC | — | — |
| 158 | Mercyhurst | NEC | — | — |
| 159 | Merrimack | MAAC | — | — |
| 160 | Miami (FL) | ACC | — | — |
| 161 | Miami (OH) | MAC | — | — |
| 162 | Michigan | B1G | — | — |
| 163 | Michigan St. | B1G | — | — |
| 164 | Middle Tenn. | CUSA | — | — |
| 165 | Milwaukee | HL | — | — |
| 166 | Minnesota | B1G | — | — |
| 167 | Mississippi St. | SEC | — | — |
| 168 | Mississippi Val. | SWAC | — | — |
| 169 | Missouri | SEC | — | — |
| 170 | Missouri St. | CUSA | — | — |
| 171 | Montana | BSky | — | — |
| 172 | Montana St. | BSky | — | — |
| 173 | Morehead St. | OVC | — | — |
| 174 | Morgan St. | MEAC | — | — |
| 175 | Murray St. | MVC | — | — |
| 176 | N.C. A&T | CAA | — | — |
| 177 | N.C. Central | MEAC | — | — |
| 178 | Navy | PL | — | — |
| 179 | NC State | ACC | — | — |
| 180 | Nebraska | B1G | — | — |
| 181 | Nevada | MW | — | — |
| 182 | New Hampshire | AE | — | — |
| 183 | New Haven | NEC | — | — |
| 184 | New Mexico | MW | — | — |
| 185 | New Mexico St. | CUSA | — | — |
| 186 | New Orleans | SLC | — | — |
| 187 | Niagara | MAAC | — | — |
| 188 | Nicholls | SLC | — | — |
| 189 | NIU | MAC | — | — |
| 190 | NJIT | AE | — | — |
| 191 | Norfolk St. | MEAC | — | — |
| 192 | North Ala. | ASUN | — | — |
| 193 | North Carolina | ACC | — | — |
| 194 | North Dakota | Sum | — | — |
| 195 | North Dakota St. | Sum | — | — |
| 196 | North Florida | ASUN | — | — |
| 197 | North Texas | AAC | — | — |
| 198 | Northeastern | CAA | — | — |
| 199 | Northern Ariz. | BSky | — | — |
| 200 | Northern Colo. | BSky | — | — |
| 201 | Northern Ky. | HL | — | — |
| 202 | Northwestern | B1G | — | — |
| 203 | Northwestern St. | SLC | — | — |
| 204 | Notre Dame | ACC | — | — |
| 205 | Oakland | HL | — | — |
| 206 | Ohio | MAC | — | — |
| 207 | Ohio St. | B1G | — | — |
| 208 | Oklahoma | SEC | — | — |
| 209 | Old Dominion | SB | — | — |
| 210 | Ole Miss | SEC | — | — |
| 211 | Omaha | Sum | — | — |
| 212 | Oral Roberts | Sum | — | — |
| 213 | Oregon | B1G | — | — |
| 214 | Oregon St. | WCC | — | — |
| 215 | Pacific | WCC | — | — |
| 216 | Penn | Ivy | — | — |
| 217 | Penn St. | B1G | — | — |
| 218 | Pepperdine | WCC | — | — |
| 219 | Pittsburgh | ACC | — | — |
| 220 | Portland | WCC | — | — |
| 221 | Portland St. | BSky | — | — |
| 222 | Prairie View | SWAC | — | — |
| 223 | Presbyterian | BSo | — | — |
| 224 | Princeton | Ivy | — | — |
| 225 | Providence | BE | — | — |
| 226 | Purdue | B1G | — | — |
| 227 | Purdue Fort Wayne | HL | — | — |
| 228 | Queens (NC) | ASUN | — | — |
| 229 | Quinnipiac | MAAC | — | — |
| 230 | Radford | BSo | — | — |
| 231 | Rhode Island | A-10 | — | — |
| 232 | Rice | AAC | — | — |
| 233 | Rider | MAAC | — | — |
| 234 | Robert Morris | HL | — | — |
| 235 | Rutgers | B1G | — | — |
| 236 | Sacramento St. | BSky | — | — |
| 237 | Sacred Heart | MAAC | — | — |
| 238 | Saint Francis | NEC | — | — |
| 239 | Saint Louis | A-10 | — | — |
| 240 | Saint Mary's (CA) | WCC | — | — |
| 241 | Saint Peter's | MAAC | — | — |
| 242 | Sam Houston | CUSA | — | — |
| 243 | Samford | SC | — | — |
| 244 | San Diego | WCC | — | — |
| 245 | San Diego St. | MW | — | — |
| 246 | San Francisco | WCC | — | — |
| 247 | San Jose St. | MW | — | — |
| 248 | Santa Clara | WCC | — | — |
| 249 | Seattle U | WAC | — | — |
| 250 | Seton Hall | BE | — | — |
| 251 | SFA | SLC | — | — |
| 252 | Siena | MAAC | — | — |
| 253 | SIUE | OVC | — | — |
| 254 | SMU | ACC | — | — |
| 255 | South Alabama | SB | — | — |
| 256 | South Carolina | SEC | — | — |
| 257 | South Carolina St. | MEAC | — | — |
| 258 | South Dakota | Sum | — | — |
| 259 | South Dakota St. | Sum | — | — |
| 260 | South Fla. | AAC | — | — |
| 261 | Southeast Mo. St. | OVC | — | — |
| 262 | Southeastern La. | SLC | — | — |
| 263 | Southern California | B1G | — | — |
| 264 | Southern Ill. | MVC | — | — |
| 265 | Southern Ind. | OVC | — | — |
| 266 | Southern Miss. | SB | — | — |
| 267 | Southern U. | SWAC | — | — |
| 268 | Southern Utah | WAC | — | — |
| 269 | St. John's (NY) | BE | — | — |
| 270 | St. Thomas (MN) | Sum | — | — |
| 271 | Stanford | ACC | — | — |
| 272 | Stetson | ASUN | — | — |
| 273 | Stonehill | NEC | — | — |
| 274 | Stony Brook | CAA | — | — |
| 275 | Syracuse | ACC | — | — |
| 276 | Tarleton St. | WAC | — | — |
| 277 | TCU | B12 | — | — |
| 278 | Temple | AAC | — | — |
| 279 | Tennessee | SEC | — | — |
| 280 | Tennessee St. | OVC | — | — |
| 281 | Tennessee Tech | OVC | — | — |
| 282 | Texas | SEC | — | — |
| 283 | Texas A&M | SEC | — | — |
| 284 | Texas Southern | SWAC | — | — |
| 285 | Texas St. | SB | — | — |
| 286 | Texas Tech | B12 | — | — |
| 287 | The Citadel | SC | — | — |
| 288 | Toledo | MAC | — | — |
| 289 | Towson | CAA | — | — |
| 290 | Troy | SB | — | — |
| 291 | Tulane | AAC | — | — |
| 292 | Tulsa | AAC | — | — |
| 293 | UAB | AAC | — | — |
| 294 | UAlbany | AE | — | — |
| 295 | UC Davis | BW | — | — |
| 296 | UC Irvine | BW | — | — |
| 297 | UC Riverside | BW | — | — |
| 298 | UC San Diego | BW | — | — |
| 299 | UC Santa Barbara | BW | — | — |
| 300 | UCF | B12 | — | — |
| 301 | UCLA | B1G | — | — |
| 302 | UConn | BE | — | — |
| 303 | UIC | MVC | — | — |
| 304 | UIW | SLC | — | — |
| 305 | ULM | SB | — | — |
| 306 | UMBC | AE | — | — |
| 307 | UMES | MEAC | — | — |
| 308 | UNC Asheville | BSo | — | — |
| 309 | UNC Greensboro | SC | — | — |
| 310 | UNCW | CAA | — | — |
| 311 | UNI | MVC | — | — |
| 312 | UNLV | MW | — | — |
| 313 | USC Upstate | BSo | — | — |
| 314 | UT Arlington | WAC | — | — |
| 315 | UT Martin | OVC | — | — |
| 316 | Utah | B12 | — | — |
| 317 | Utah St. | MW | — | — |
| 318 | Utah Tech | WAC | — | — |
| 319 | Utah Valley | WAC | — | — |
| 320 | UTEP | CUSA | — | — |
| 321 | UTRGV | SLC | — | — |
| 322 | UTSA | AAC | — | — |
| 323 | Valparaiso | MVC | — | — |
| 324 | Vanderbilt | SEC | — | — |
| 325 | VCU | A-10 | — | — |
| 326 | Villanova | BE | — | — |
| 327 | Virginia | ACC | — | — |
| 328 | Virginia Tech | ACC | — | — |
| 329 | Wake Forest | ACC | — | — |
| 330 | Washington | B1G | — | — |
| 331 | Washington St. | WCC | — | — |
| 332 | Weber St. | BSky | — | — |
| 333 | West Ga. | ASUN | — | — |
| 334 | West Virginia | B12 | — | — |
| 335 | Western Caro. | SC | — | — |
| 336 | Western Ill. | OVC | — | — |
| 337 | Western Ky. | CUSA | — | — |
| 338 | Western Mich. | MAC | — | — |
| 339 | Wichita St. | AAC | — | — |
| 340 | William & Mary | CAA | — | — |
| 341 | Winthrop | BSo | — | — |
| 342 | Wisconsin | B1G | — | — |
| 343 | Wofford | SC | — | — |
| 344 | Wright St. | HL | — | — |
| 345 | Wyoming | MW | — | — |
| 346 | Xavier | BE | — | — |
| 347 | Yale | Ivy | — | — |
| 348 | Youngstown St. | HL | — | — |
A&M-Corpus Christi
SLCAbilene Christian
WACAir Force
MWAkron
MACAlabama
SECAlabama A&M
SWACAlabama St.
SWACAlcorn
SWACAmerican
PLApp State
SBArizona
B12Arizona St.
B12Ark.-Pine Bluff
SWACArkansas
SECArkansas St.
SBArmy West Point
PLAuburn
SECAustin Peay
ASUNBall St.
MACBaylor
B12Bellarmine
ASUNBelmont
MVCBethune-Cookman
SWACBinghamton
AEBoise St.
MWBoston College
ACCBowling Green
MACBradley
MVCBrown
IvyBryant
AEBucknell
PLBuffalo
MACButler
BEBYU
B12Cal Poly
BWCal St. Fullerton
BWCalifornia
ACCCalifornia Baptist
WACCampbell
CAACanisius
MAACCentral Ark.
ASUNCentral Conn. St.
NECCentral Mich.
MACCharleston So.
BSoCharlotte
AACChattanooga
SCChicago St.
NECCincinnati
B12Clemson
ACCCleveland St.
HLCoastal Carolina
SBCol. of Charleston
CAAColgate
PLColorado
B12Colorado St.
MWColumbia
IvyCoppin St.
MEACCornell
IvyCreighton
BECSU Bakersfield
BWCSUN
BWDartmouth
IvyDavidson
A-10Dayton
A-10Delaware
CUSADelaware St.
MEACDenver
SumDePaul
BEDrake
MVCDuke
ACCDuquesne
A-10East Carolina
AACEast Texas A&M
SLCEastern Ill.
OVCEastern Ky.
ASUNEastern Mich.
MACEastern Wash.
BSkyElon
CAAETSU
SCEvansville
MVCFairfield
MAACFDU
NECFGCU
ASUNFIU
CUSAFla. Atlantic
AACFlorida
SECFlorida A&M
SWACFlorida St.
ACCFordham
A-10Fresno St.
MWFurman
SCGa. Southern
SBGardner-Webb
BSoGeorge Mason
A-10George Washington
A-10Georgetown
BEGeorgia
SECGeorgia St.
SBGeorgia Tech
ACCGonzaga
WCCGrambling
SWACGrand Canyon
MWGreen Bay
HLHampton
CAAHarvard
IvyHawaii
BWHigh Point
BSoHofstra
CAAHoly Cross
PLHouston
B12Houston Christian
SLCHoward
MEACIdaho
BSkyIdaho St.
BSkyIllinois
B1GIllinois St.
MVCIndiana
B1GIndiana St.
MVCIona
MAACIowa
B1GIowa St.
B12IU Indy
HLJackson St.
SWACJacksonville
ASUNJacksonville St.
CUSAJames Madison
SBKansas
B12Kansas City
SumKansas St.
B12Kennesaw St.
CUSAKent St.
MACKentucky
SECLafayette
PLLamar University
SLCLe Moyne
NECLehigh
PLLiberty
CUSALindenwood
OVCLipscomb
ASUNLittle Rock
OVCLIU
NECLMU (CA)
WCCLong Beach St.
BWLouisiana
SBLouisiana Tech
CUSALouisville
ACCLoyola Chicago
A-10Loyola Maryland
PLLSU
SECManhattan
MAACMarist
MAACMarquette
BEMarshall
SBMaryland
B1GMcNeese
SLCMemphis
AACMercer
SCMercyhurst
NECMerrimack
MAACMiami (FL)
ACCMiami (OH)
MACMichigan
B1GMichigan St.
B1GMiddle Tenn.
CUSAMilwaukee
HLMinnesota
B1GMississippi St.
SECMississippi Val.
SWACMissouri
SECMissouri St.
CUSAMontana
BSkyMontana St.
BSkyMorehead St.
OVCMorgan St.
MEACMurray St.
MVCN.C. A&T
CAAN.C. Central
MEACNavy
PLNC State
ACCNebraska
B1GNevada
MWNew Hampshire
AENew Haven
NECNew Mexico
MWNew Mexico St.
CUSANew Orleans
SLCNiagara
MAACNicholls
SLCNIU
MACNJIT
AENorfolk St.
MEACNorth Ala.
ASUNNorth Carolina
ACCNorth Dakota
SumNorth Dakota St.
SumNorth Florida
ASUNNorth Texas
AACNortheastern
CAANorthern Ariz.
BSkyNorthern Colo.
BSkyNorthern Ky.
HLNorthwestern
B1GNorthwestern St.
SLCNotre Dame
ACCOakland
HLOhio
MACOhio St.
B1GOklahoma
SECOld Dominion
SBOle Miss
SECOmaha
SumOral Roberts
SumOregon
B1GOregon St.
WCCPacific
WCCPenn
IvyPenn St.
B1GPepperdine
WCCPittsburgh
ACCPortland
WCCPortland St.
BSkyPrairie View
SWACPresbyterian
BSoPrinceton
IvyProvidence
BEPurdue
B1GPurdue Fort Wayne
HLQueens (NC)
ASUNQuinnipiac
MAACRadford
BSoRhode Island
A-10Rice
AACRider
MAACRobert Morris
HLRutgers
B1GSacramento St.
BSkySacred Heart
MAACSaint Francis
NECSaint Louis
A-10Saint Mary's (CA)
WCCSaint Peter's
MAACSam Houston
CUSASamford
SCSan Diego
WCCSan Diego St.
MWSan Francisco
WCCSan Jose St.
MWSanta Clara
WCCSeattle U
WACSeton Hall
BESFA
SLCSiena
MAACSIUE
OVCSMU
ACCSouth Alabama
SBSouth Carolina
SECSouth Carolina St.
MEACSouth Dakota
SumSouth Dakota St.
SumSouth Fla.
AACSoutheast Mo. St.
OVCSoutheastern La.
SLCSouthern California
B1GSouthern Ill.
MVCSouthern Ind.
OVCSouthern Miss.
SBSouthern U.
SWACSouthern Utah
WACSt. John's (NY)
BESt. Thomas (MN)
SumStanford
ACCStetson
ASUNStonehill
NECStony Brook
CAASyracuse
ACCTarleton St.
WACTCU
B12Temple
AACTennessee
SECTennessee St.
OVCTennessee Tech
OVCTexas
SECTexas A&M
SECTexas Southern
SWACTexas St.
SBTexas Tech
B12The Citadel
SCToledo
MACTowson
CAATroy
SBTulane
AACTulsa
AACUAB
AACUAlbany
AEUC Davis
BWUC Irvine
BWUC Riverside
BWUC San Diego
BWUC Santa Barbara
BWUCF
B12UCLA
B1GUConn
BEUIC
MVCUIW
SLCULM
SBUMBC
AEUMES
MEACUNC Asheville
BSoUNC Greensboro
SCUNCW
CAAUNI
MVCUNLV
MWUSC Upstate
BSoUT Arlington
WACUT Martin
OVCUtah
B12Utah St.
MWUtah Tech
WACUtah Valley
WACUTEP
CUSAUTRGV
SLCUTSA
AACValparaiso
MVCVanderbilt
SECVCU
A-10Villanova
BEVirginia
ACCVirginia Tech
ACCWake Forest
ACCWashington
B1GWashington St.
WCCWeber St.
BSkyWest Ga.
ASUNWest Virginia
B12Western Caro.
SCWestern Ill.
OVCWestern Ky.
CUSAWestern Mich.
MACWichita St.
AACWilliam & Mary
CAAWinthrop
BSoWisconsin
B1GWofford
SCWright St.
HLWyoming
MWXavier
BEYale
IvyYoungstown St.
HLStats shown for the 2025–26 season. RPI rank and win averages are admin-maintained.